Nineteen Minutes Essay - 699 Words

Nineteen Minutes by Jodi Picoult Fiction Novel Nineteen Minutes by Jodi Picoult is a novel based on a school shooting in the small town of Sterling, but focuses more importantly on the feelings of the main characters, Peter Houghton and Josie Cormier, who experience insecurities and social acceptance, or lack of. The novel explores the damaging effects of bullying, peer pressure and the dynamics of group interaction within teenagers in a modern day society. Picoult’s novels are aimed at a mature audience, whether that is from adult to young adult-if they are emotionally ready to read it. Nineteen Minutes is a tragic and emotional novel, but teenagers are able to relate more due to the teenage characters and high school setting.†¦show more content†¦We both know I didn’t get here by myself† (Kindle location 84). Groups are portrayed in Nineteen Minutes from when they started kindergarten to high school. â€Å"Every kid in the school played a role; Jock, Nerd, Beauty and freak† (Kindle loc. 11600) Peter was viewed as an easy target throughout his school years, but had always had Josie to stand up for him. Josie gravitates away from Peter to be in the ‘cool’ group, and becomes to focused on how everyone views her and struggles with her own issues of acceptance, image and her sense of ‘belonging’. Both Strictly Ballroom and Nineteen Minutes have used similar techniques of portraying ‘belonging’ and ‘not belonging’. Peter Houghton and Dough Hastings are viewed as similar characters, although they both have different thoughts they are both showcased as a loner or someone not important. Peter, unlike Doug, wants to belong but his peers are holding him back by bullying him and he is unable to feel a sense of belonging, whereas Doug rejects belonging to any group in the film. Scott Hastings is ridiculed and abused for dancing his own steps, and Josie Cormier from Nineteen Minutes believes that if she doesn’t put on a mask everyday to ‘belong’ to a certain group, she too will be bullied and unhappy. Scott and Josie can be contrasted, as Scott wants to belong to the ballroom world, but he wants to be himself and dance his own moves, unlike Scott, Josie tries to ‘belong’ by being untrue toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Nineteen Minutes By Jodi Picoult2188 Words   |  9 Pages Nineteen minutes is a captivating novel that follows the story of a school shooting while thought-provoking the readers to ponder: Do we ever really know someone? This novel follows the relationship among peers, and the nervousness and distance between a teenager and a single mother. Author Jodi Picoult, discusses an important and increasingly common issue of school shootings. In this paper, I am going to discuss the reasonings why I believe Peter Houghton decided to commit such an atrocity at SterlingRead MoreNineteen Minutes: Fiction Imitating Reality Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In nineteen minutes, you can stop the world, or you can just jump off it. In nineteen minutes, you can revenge† (Picoult). Those words are of the opening lines of Jodi Picoult’s best seller, Nineteen Minutes. Although this novel is heart wrenching, and cuts into the ‘grays’ of school shootings, it is anything but original. Lead character, Peter Houghton, is an almost per fect profile replication of 1999’s Columbine shooters, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris. A simple personaltiy analysis will revealRead MoreI Am Reading Nineteen Minutes By Jodi Picoult2469 Words   |  10 PagesActivity 1: The Basics My name is Leala Solomon. I’ve read a little more than 15 books. I read every day. I am reading Nineteen Minutes by Jodi Picoult. As I was choosing between what books to read, I read the summaries for all of the choices. It interested me that it was about a school shooting due to a massive amount of bullying to victim. Shootings have become more realistic in 2015 and I wanted to see what the victim was thinking during the shooting. I expect different viewpoints to view theRead MoreSociety in the Worlds Created by George Orwell and Annie Proulx1549 Words   |  6 PagesIn the worlds created by George Orwell and Annie Proulx, society could be seen as the enemy. The society in Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopia; no civilians are permitted to have any amount of privacy and an act of adultery would be a crime against the leaders if the society: â€Å"The Party†. The time setting of Brokeback Mountain, in the 1960s, ensures that the characters sexuality makes them criminals. However Annie Proulx said: â€Å"this is not a story about gay cowboys but of destructive, rural homophobiaRead MoreNineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell1453 Words   |  6 Pages Nineteen Eighty-Four written by George Orwell is a dystopian novel set in a fictional totalitarian state of Oceania, where the brainwashed citizens are under constant surveillance, and public mind control dictated by Big Brother, the Party leader. Thus, any independent thought by any individual or group would severely be punished by the state as a â€Å"Thought Crime†. Punishments could be severe ranging from reeducation and torture to vaporization meaning death. Around the same year of the publicationRead MoreNineteen Eighty-Four1326 Words   |  6 PagesNineteen Eighty-Four â€Å"Government, is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.†, this famous quote was stated by George Washington. The thesis of Nineteen Eighty-Four is how giving government too much control destroys freedom. The quote from George Washington explains exactly what the Party is, in the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nineteen Eighty-Four is written by George Orwell which was one of Eric Arthur Blair’s two pen names, theRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 PagesGeography class and I was particularly interested with this topic. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four perfectly fits my interest since it’s about governments and propagandas. As a result, I chose my research question to be: â€Å"How and why does the Party use propaganda? How does this compare to some of the modern propagandas used across the world during not only World War II but during current times as well?†. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian fiction novel written by George Orwell. The storyRead More1984: Communism, Totalitarianism, and Socialism1239 Words   |  5 PagesNineteen Eighty-Four was written by a major contributor to anticommunist literature around the World War II period, and is one of the greatest stories of an anti-utopian society ever. Nineteen Eighty-Four was not written solely as an entertaining piece of literature or as a dream of what the future could be like, it was written as a warning of what could happen as a result of communism and totalitarianism. This was not necessarily a widely popular vision of the future at the time of publication,Read MoreEssay about 1984: Nineteen Eighty-four and People1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernments, he wrote the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Published in 1946, Nineteen Eighty-Four describes life in a totalitarianism form of government, following the main character, Winston Smith, as he takes risks in discovering how he believes life should truly be. Literary critic Irving Howe states, â€Å"Were it possible, in the world of 1984, to show human character in anything resembling genuine freedom...it would not be the world of 1984† (62). In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, the government usesRead MoreNineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review for Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell Jason Lee December 12, 2015 SECTION A Date published June 8, 1949 City where published London, England Publisher Secker Warburg Number of pages 267 SECTION B Summary of your book (key details only...address the beginning, middle, and end of the book) Nineteen Eighty-Four takes place in the fictional nation

The Costs And Costs Of The Cost Of Building New Orleans

Next, it is necessary to identify the land that is possibly flooded and this can be calculated as: 0.50 x 0.63 = 0.315 or 31.5% of the land is flooded. Hence the probability that the area is flooded is 0.315 or 31.5%. Assuming the probabilities, rebuilding the city together with the levees will amount to $1.818 trillion in 100 years. Rebuilding the levees as of 2010 was $14 million; however, there is an additional cost of the residual risk of Katrina. This residual risk can be calculated as: $14 / 0.6223 = $22.5 billion. This implies that rebuilding the levees would amount to a total of $14 + $22. 5 = $36.5 billion. Thus, with these estimates, the cost of rebuilding New Orleans for the federal government would be: Cost of building new†¦show more content†¦In addition, some of the New Orleans residents might decide to rebuild their homes and businesses themselves instead of waiting for the federal government. While considering rebuilding New Orleans, a good question to ask is what the government would do with the money that it plans to use to rebuild the city if it was diverted to other projects. The best thing to do would be to build another city elsewhere or settling the people and businesses affected away from the city. Another option would be to give a cash settlement to every individual, family or business that suffered a loss and allow them to choose to rebuild in New Orleans or elsewhere. Suppose the federal government would spend $1.818 trillion to rebuild the city but instead gives a cash settlement to the city dwellers who are about $1.3 million people, each resident would get about $1.39 million that is more than enough to pay for a new home and business in a different town. One pitfall for the federal government to rebuild the city is that spending that huge amount of money might not make sense if the residents do not want to stay. This would imply that the new city would become obsolete despite the billions spent to rebuild. To avert this risk, the government will need to assess whether the people want to stay and whether New Orleans needs a big city (Glaeser, 2005). The estimated relevant expected utility The probability (p) of a hurricane similar toShow MoreRelatedNew Orleans : Hurricane Katrina1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn the year 2005, New Orleans was famously hit a major natural disaster that took lives and destroyed the homes and civilians. This wrath of Mother Nature became to be known as Hurricane Katrina, a category 5 hurricane with gusts peaking at 174/mph according to the Safir- Simpson wind scale (SSHS). With this Hurricane having its path directly on a city only being on average 1-2 feet below sea level, it created conditions for serious havoc (NOAA, 2012). The aftermath left a serious physical imprintRead MoreMgmt 530 Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis607 Words   |  3 Pagesthe fact Hurricane Katrina has occurred and demolished building and homes leaving them in ruin in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The primary issue thus becomes does the board or committee moves the conference to a future date or have conference at another location that would thus incur higher costs for hotel for patrons of the conference in addition to it would be a price increase for flights that were already scheduled to New Orleans. 2) What is the general nature of the problem? TheRead Moreâ€Å"the Hazards Presented by Tropical Storms Have the Greatest Impact on the World’s Poorest People.† to What Extent Do You Agree with This View? (40 Marks)1229 Words   |  5 PagesMEDC’s and LEDC’s differ is through infrastructure. In an MEDC such as the USA there are strict building codes ensuring that buildings are able to withstand hazards – in Katrina’s case hurricane force winds. This significantly reduces impacts on a social level evidenced by the death toll of 1000 people in the USA compared to the 84,500 deaths in Myanmar as a result of Nargis. This is due to buildings in a developed country such as the USA generally staying upright in many cases providing refuge fromRead MoreEssay on The Cause of the Devastation of Hurricane Katrina927 Words   |  4 PagesThe historical event of Hurricane Katrina, a category three hurricane with winds ranging from 111-130 mph, in August 2005 revealed major structural failures in t he levee systems of New Orleans. Though not all structural failures are as catastrophic, the breeched levees led to loss of life, homes, businesses, highways, and left a trail of destruction that is still being repaired today. The result of this failure led to lawsuits, conspiracy theories, and court cases. Hurricane Katrina had a majorRead MoreThe Case for, or Against New Orleans2509 Words   |  11 PagesJason Coleman 06-11-12 New Orleans Recommendation Paper The Case For, or Against, New Orleans Management Decision Models B6025 Dr. Usha Dasari We will look at many factors in our case for rebuilding or not rebuilding New Orleans. This recommendation will be reviewed by state and local governments for their decision. We will perform a Cost-Benefit Analysis which will represent the residents of New Orleans, the residents of the surrounding floods plains, the Mayor of New Orleans, and the federal governmentRead MoreRebuilding After Hurracane Katrina Essay927 Words   |  4 Pagesand the costs for rebuilding, needed to be considered and estimated in advance. The pace of recovery had been forced to slow down. It was because â€Å"most of the planning efforts [had] made mistakes due to haste, believing that they lacked the time to stop and fix them† (author page). Yet, when mistakes accumulate, they may easily break the constructions, and the city government will need to spend more time and money on rebuilding. As long as the actions of rebuilding keep repeating, the cost of recoveryRead MoreEssay on How the Government Failed the Victims of Hurricane Katrina1005 Words   |  5 Pagesappointed by then president George W. Bush, were not capable of leading large government agencies through a crisis, let alone a disaster the magnitude of Hurricane Katrina. Along with the federal government, the state of Louisiana and the city of New Orleans did not do enough to lesseb the damage caused by the storm, and forced thousands of poorer citizens to remain in cramped and unsanitary conditions for extended periods of time. The culmination of federal, state, and local government’s failures inRead MoreHurricane Katrin The Worst Tropical Storm1512 Words   |  7 Pagescausing billions of dollars in damages. Most of the damages were to homes, buildings, schools, and city infrastructure. The vulnerable populations in this disaster were the elderly, the disabled, and lower income households. These people were very vulnerable due to the lack of resources like finances and automobiles, which would be needed to escape before the hurricane occurred. Despite the economic decline the city New Orleans was already in, Hurricane Katrina made the economy decline even furtherRead MoreHurricane Katrin The Worst Environmental Catastrophe Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesexperts estimate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in damage. Basically, natural disasters affect our daily lives in several ways. They effectively stop the economy of the area. For examples, natural disasters destroy tangible assets such as buildings and equipment as well as human capital and thus weaken the firm’s production capacity. These adverse impacts may sometimes be deadly to the firms and result in being forced to close down. As reported, the total economic loss from Katrina to be asRead MoreAir Station Atlantic City ( Asac ) Shortage Of Personnel And Current Number Of Aircraft1533 Words   |  7 Pages1. Air Station Atlantic City (ASAC) shortage of personnel and current number of aircraft cannot support the National Capital Region and perform efficiently, at the same time, out of Air Station Atlantic City. The extreme cost, over tasking of personnel is a strain on members’ families is unbearable. A FOC must be based in the National Capital Region to support the Rotary Wing Air Intercept (RWAI) mission. 2. November 2005, DHS Secretary Chertoff assigned the Coast Guard to assume the National Capital

Republican Ideology and the American Essay Example For Students

Republican Ideology and the American Essay The republican ideology is a facet of the socialfabric of the colonial citizens of America that may, arguably,have had the greatest affect on the struggle for independenceand the formation of a constitutional form of government inthe United States. The birth of the republican ideology, whileimpossible to place an exact date on, or even month, can betraced back more than a decade before the RevolutionaryWar. It can also be argued that this social machine began tofunction as a result of circumstances which led many colonistto choose to come to America. The uniformity of thisideology, however, would change and modify itself ascircumstances warranted in the period between 1760 and1800. It is first necessary to understand the exact reasonswhy the ancestors of the American revolutionaries chose tolive in America, as opposed to staying in England, where ahealthy and prosperous life was a much greater possibility. America was, in the eyes of its first English settlers, an openbook with no writing on the pages. It was the foundation of abuilding that had not yet been built. Many felt that it was upto them to shape the way this new land would function, asopposed to the way Parliament or the King felt it should. The memories of these early pioneering settlers were acommon theme for American revolutionaries before theRevolutionary War. These early settlers were the creators ofthe foundation to the building the revolutionaries would finish. Another common theme which drove the revolutionaryideology was the knowledge not only of the monumentalsignificance of the job to be undertaken, but also the impacta free democracy on a scale as large as America would haveon future generations of Americans who, certainly, would nottake their freedom for granted. The ideology held by mostAmerican revolutionaries was one in which they knew theirsacrifices would be acknowledged and appreciated by futuregenerations of Americans. There was also the knowledgethat America would serve as an example to God and the restof the world of what the advantages of a free society couldbe. Religion also played an important role in theestablishment of this ideology. God, in the eyes of the earliestrevolutionaries, was on the side of liberty. There wasreligious justification for actions undertaken by both Englandand America. The English stated that rebellion was a sin,while the Americans stated that the corruption of England, aswell as its intolerance of liberty to the point of warfare, wasalso a sin. War, from the religious perspective of therevolutionary in America before the outbreak of war withEngland, was seen as a necessary evil. God could permitwar as a means of escaping tyranny, such as that whichEngland was symbolic of. God was, in the eyes of the preRevolutionary War revolutionaries, without question on theside of liberty and personal freedom. The suffering ofAmericans under the tyrannical hand of English governmentwas much the same as the suffering undertaken by Jesus atthe cross. He suffered for all the sinful people of the world. He died for our sins. The revolutionaries felt much the sameway about any suffering that may be incurred throughout thewar. They felt that it would be looked back upon as asacrifice that they made for the success of future generationsof Americans. On an even larger scale, it would also belooked upon as a sacrifice for liberty and freedom in allcountries around the world who suffered under the sinfulhand of oppression. The revolutionaries also had their ownideas about independence as well. To them independencewas a necessity. It was absolutely key to any furtheradvancement towards their ultimate goal of freedom to enjoypersonal liberties. How exactly independence was physicallyachieved was not as important as the fact that it had already,and would always be, achieved in the minds of Americans. Civil Rights Movement: 1890-1900 1890: The state o EssayThe faction developed, in some respects, along social lines. Many merchants and businessmen had different ideas abouthow the government should be run, than did rural agrarianfarmers which made up a large percentage of the votingpopulation. It is these rural farmers and small scalemerchants who tended to cling to the original republicanideology more than urban merchants and businessmen. Whatwas developing was a party system consisting of two partiesthat had much the same objectives, but differed greatly onthe means necessary to reach these objectives. What madethis situation so volatile, was the fact that a party system,according to the original interpretation of republicanideology, was a breeding ground for corruption. The reasonsfor this assumption can be clearly seen in the EnglishParliament, which consisted of three parties. The way inwhich the American people responded to this can be seen inseveral different ways. Although parties were looked uponas a bad thing according to the original version of therepublic ideology, as it became clear t hat they were here tostay, many Americans were forced to modify their opinions. One man whose personal struggle with this issue is welldocumented is James Madison. Madison, at first, supporteda multiplicity of parties over a system of only two parties. The reasons for this clearly coincide with the ideals of theAmericans at the time. There should be many parties forAmericans to choose from because each person has the rightto believe whomever he or she wants. For this reason, thereshould be many parties in which people could freely chooseto follow. As time and circumstances progressed however,Madison opinion on the subject changed drastically. Madison came to believe that parties, while a possibleenemy of a free government, are inevitable and unavoidable. He then realized that the best response to the problem wouldbe to control the affects. He also realized that a multiplicityof parties would not be conducive to stability in agovernment which, in the case of the United States at thetime, was a necessity. The specific advantage to having onlytwo parties, as seen by Madison, was that given equalpower and representation, they could keep each other incheck. This would make it nearly impossible for any oneparty to take too much control of the government. It canclearly be seen that the ideology in which the Americanpeople subscribed to prior to the Revolutionary War did gothrough several challenges and modifications by 1800. Although parties did not arise until after the RevolutionaryWar, there were still modifications and challenges muchearlier, as can be seen in the Continental Army. What is alsounique is, despite the numerous challenges and slightmodifications, the ideology was able to persist through thesetraumatic years and shape a nation and a government inways that history had not before seen done with such ease. This is a true testament to the fortitude and durability of therepublican ideology and America as a whole. Category: History

Compensation Law Cambridge University Press-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Compensation Law Cambridge University Press? Answer: Introducation In this case, acting as the defence attorney, I have noted certain points of defence to safeguard the rights of my client. My line of defence would be based on the following points of action. I will begin my defence with explaining some of the relevant Tort Laws discussed hereunder. Combining them with the Common Law of Australia and the specific legal statutes of NSW framed under the Motor Accidents Compensation Act, 1999(NSW), speciallys 138(2) of this Act. Motor Vehicle Accidents Referring to the claims of Palintiff-1, the Act will, in certain cases[1], put the blame under contributory negligence[2] on the defendant when the defendant is the driver. But it has to be proved beyond doubt that defendant was intoxicated and is not in a position to prove that the harm was possible regardless of her intoxication. Plaintiff-1 was checking cars for possible drink-driving[3], but was yet to perform the test on the defendant when the accident took place. One of the tyres of my clients car drove over Plaintiff-1s foot, causing a minor a concussion, which the medical report proved to be harmless. My client is surely in a position to prove that this could have happened even if she was driving without intoxication. This is human error of judgement and such errors are common on the roads[4]. Hence, I plead NOT GUILTY against the charges put by Plaintiff-1. Statutory Safety Requirements In the matters related to driving as well as moving as a pedestrian on the busy roads of the modern cities, there occur scenarios where certain safety requirements need to be followed by all citizens and which are also prescribed under the laws of the land. Now, when I refer to the medical condition of Plaintiff-2, it is proved beyond doubt by the available medical reports of Ms. Hua that she was suffering from an acute Stress Disorder. Such patients are always advised not to travel alone, especially when they are prone to sudden risks of stress. Her failure to abide by such essential safety requirement is a case of her conduct falling well below the prescribed standard of care and is therefore a case of contributory negligence on her part. Causation If I go into the cause of Ms. Huas medical predicament, I wold like to quote the judgement of the honourable court[5] in the case ofFroom v Butcher and I quote: "The question is not what was the cause of the accident? It is rather what was the cause of the damage? In consistency with the negligence inquiry conducted in this case, I strongly believe that the negligence of Plaintiff-2 has a definitive connection to the harm that she suffered. Honourable court should take note that it was not because of the negligence[6] of the defendant that Plaintiff-2 suffered thedamage. Hence, I plead NOT GUILTY against the charges put by Plaintiff-2. References Cane, P. and Atiyah, P.S. Atiyah's Accidents, Compensation and the Law. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Deakin, S.F., Johnston, A. and Markesinis, B. Markesinis and Deakin's Tort Law. OUP Oxford, 2012 [1] Law Reform Miscellaneous Act 1965(NSW),s 9(1) [2] Motor Accidents Compensation Act 1999(NSW)s138(2)(c)(d);Petracho v Griffiths[2007] NSWCA 302 [3] Jones v Livox Quarries Ltd[1952] 2 QB 608 [4] "a prudent man will guard against the possible negligence of others when experience shows such negligence to be common.":GRant v Sun Shipping Co Ltd[1948] AC 549, 567 (Lord du Parcq) [5] Froom v Butcher[1976] 1 QB 286 [6] Motor Accidents Compensation Act 1999(NSW),s 138(2), CLA,s 50

Cognitive behavioral therapy Essay Example

Cognitive behavioral therapy Paper Can a humanistic model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive (or cognitive – behavioural) one? Discuss with reference to Rogers and either Beck or Egan. In the first part of this essay I will summarise the main features of humanistic counselling and the cognitive approach. Rogers used a humanistic person centred approach to therapy and I will look at his view of people, their potential, what goes wrong and what can help them to change. Egan was a cognitive therapist and I will address the above points in relation to his â€Å"Skilled Helper† model. Similarities and key differences in theory, practise and value base between the two approaches will then be discussed. In the second part of the essay, I will use my own previous experience as a client to show how an experienced counsellor can integrate aspects of these two models effectively. I will then look at potential difficulties in making the humanistic and cognitive approach to therapy fit together successfully. I will give a critical analysis of these models, with particular reference to my own therapy and general diversity of needs within the client group. The concluding paragraph will contain an abridgement of the main points covered within the essay. Humanistic therapy emphasises the therapeutic relationship advocated by Rogers with the three core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. Without these conditions present Rogers asserts that the counselling will be ineffective. Humanistic therapy is non- directive and optimistic. Rogers, (2008 p. 137) supports this viewpoint â€Å"The person centred approach, depends on the actualising tendency present in every living organism, the tendency to grow, to develop, to realise its full potential†. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive behavioral therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive behavioral therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive behavioral therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A humanistic therapist s uses active listening skills including clarifying, paraphrasing, reflecting and summarising. The therapist being non-judgemental is essential to the success of person centred therapy. The only ‘tool’ required in the counselling Page two room is ‘the self’; the relationship in and of itself, with the ‘safe space’ for the client to freely express emotions accomplishing the healing. Egans cognitive approach is a directive, systematic, cumulative, problem solving three stage model of helping. Stage one considers the clients present scenario; the counsellor encourages the client to tell their story; using core conditions, active listening skills plus a few challenging questions enabling the counsellor to understand the client’s present frame of reference. Stage two considers the preferred scenario; using directive questions prefixed with words like ‘how’ and ‘in what way,’ the client is moved towards a more objective understanding, an alternative way of viewing their world. The client is encouraged to develop Goals and objectives based on opportunities for future action. Stage three A strategic action plan workable within the clients lifestyle moving them towards desired outcomes is formulated, with plans for future evaluation. Egan (1990 p. 29) identifies one of the main roles of the counsellor in this process â€Å"Counsellors can help their clients empower themselves by helping them identify and develop unused or underused opportunities and potential†. Egan’s model provides principles as guidelines, the correct formula; taking action to valued outcomes is individually tailored to each client, including homework for the client on agreed goals. Rogers views the person as having an inner core to his personality which he terms the organism. The instinctual, somatic, sensory unselfconscious aspect of a human being, as opposed to the reflective, measured and self-conscious part that he describes as the self. Rogers considers, as stated by Embleton, L. ( 2004 p. 32 ) â€Å" that the organism is trustworthy and does not need to be controlled or directed from the outside†. He considers people to be social, self-regulatory and responsible for their own actions, with a natural tendency towards growth and self-actualisation. Each person is valued as a unique individual. Within Humanistic therapy the potential is there for the re integration of self and organism, thus Page three enabling self-actualisation to take place. A phrase used by Kierkegaard the first modern existentialist – to be that self which one truly is – I feel expresses the idea of self-actualisation very well, indicating the potential for growth and change believed by Rogers to be inherent within all of us. Rogers puts forward the view that the client held in the therapeutic relationship, when given the freedom to fully experience his feelings realises his potential to experience being (increased self- awareness) and becoming (self-actualisation). What goes wrong, thus bringing a client into therapy? Rogers considers the problem to be lack of balance in a person’s life, conflict between what has been internalised as belief, conditions of worth and values, and what the person is presently experiencing. Dissolution of protective defence mechanisms that had previously enabled the client to function in their daily life, leads as they experience a life changing event to dysfunction with mental, emotional and sometimes physical disintegration. To reverse this process and bring about reintegration and balance through humanistic therapy, the relationship needs to be firmly established and the core conditions of the therapeutic relationship modelled by the therapist. Within this relationship conditions of worth are minimised. The positive regard offered by the counsellor facilitates an increase in the client’s positive self-regard leading to reintegration and ultimately self-actualisation. Egan views people as being subject to operant conditioning. In essence â€Å"in any situation or in response to any stimulus, the person has available a repertoire of possible responses and emits the behaviour that is reinforced or rewarded† (Mc Leod p. 126). Egan considers that the client’s repertoire of available responses and processing of information mostly learned during childhood will be uniquely theirs, and may not presently be serving their best interests. The cognitive therapist will Page four look for unused or unrecognised life enhancing potential within the client. Egan views peoples actions as a direct result of their feelings and the thinking (cognition) preceding them. People have the potential to unlearn behaviour that does not serve their vital interests and replace it with learned appropriate behaviour. The therapist using ‘The Skilled Helper’ model is able to facilitate the client’s understanding of what is going on for them right now, what they would like to be happening and to assist them in developing strategies, achievable goals and an action plan to get them there. Both cognitive and humanistic therapists are in agreement that the counsellor needs first to establish the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard with their client. During the first stage of the cognitive approach when the client is telling their story as in person centred therapy active listening skills are used. The cognitive therapist will also add challenging the client’s perception of their present situation, which is directly in opposition to the total acceptance of the clients frame of reference proffered by the humanistic therapist. Who has the answer to the client’s problem? The humanistic therapist places their trust in the client, and their innate ability to resolve their own issues and reach their full potential. The counsellor listens to the client clarifying even those issues which may be just below the client’s level of awareness. â€Å"Listening of this very special active kind is one of the most potent forces for change that I know† (Rogers2008p. 136). Cognitive therapy sees people as needing direction and guidance to resolve their problems. This therapeutic approach has a rather pessimistic view of people seeing them as innately sinful, destructive, and lazy or a combination of all three; the client being unable to be trusted without assistance to ‘find their own way’. A structured disciplined approach is used in cognitive therapy the value of the therapy is considered to be dependent upon the achievement of set goals and actions by the client. The desired end result Page five is discussed and set with the client very early on in the therapy. The counsellor has in mind at the outset how the therapy will progress, and what needs to be accomplished as the client is encouraged to move from stage one through to stage three. In humanistic therapy the client chooses what will be brought to each session not the counsellor. There is no structured problem solving or set goal, and the right time to end therapy is ideally decided by the client. The client’s autonomy is highly valued. Rogers speaks of a ‘directional flow’ moving the client towards growth, healing and the self-actualisation considered by Maslow to be the pinnacle of achievement that all human beings are striving for. For either therapy to work Egan and Rogers both agree that there has to be a willingness by the client to engage in the therapy. They put forward slightly different reasons for resistance in some clients. Rogers (2008 p. 213) feels that â€Å"resistance to the therapist is entirely due to too much probing or too rapid interpretation on the part of the counsellor†. Egan(1990 p. 169) puts forward the idea that resistance refers to â€Å" the reaction of clients who in some way feel coerced†. Both therapeutic approaches stress, that for therapy to be effective the inevitable power differential between client and counsellor needs to be minimised. Also individuality including aspects of the client’s culture religion and gender should be valued and respected by the therapist. I can foresee potential difficulties for myself as a newly qualified therapist in using the two approaches together effectively as I may lack the expertise to know when to use each model and with which client. As I gain in experience and self-awareness I anticipate making effective use of both therapeutic models within my practise. My training uses an integrative approach and I plan to use a variety of different therapies in my future work. I was fortunate to see cognitive and humanistic approaches well modelled by my Page six personal therapist over the eighteen months of our work together. When I entered personal therapy all of the structure in my life had vanished. My defence mechanisms spoken of by Rogers had been breached. I had little self-worth and low self-esteem blaming myself for remaining in a physically and emotionally abusive relationship for thirty four years. In April 2008 as I sat for the first time opposite a counsellor I was vulnerable, frightened and suicidal. I am sure for several months I would have been incapable of rising to the challenge of a cognitive approach. I did not at that time have the mental and emotional capacity to set goals or the motivation to see them through. Using a rather gentler person centred approach the therapeutic conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard were established as we worked through various issues and emotions. About half way through my therapy we came to a ‘sticking point’. I had developed an eating disorder and the humanistic model didn’t seem to be helping me. My counsellor opted for a cognitive approach at this stage and asked me to keep a food diary. Together we set goals; the desired outcome was for me to eat healthy food three times a day. At this point I was ready for a challenge. In achieving these goals my self-esteem was boosted. Egan 1990 p. 37 states â€Å"Ideally, clients by their actions come to â€Å"own† the helping process instead of being the objects of it†. This is exactly what happened to me; as from then on I took a more active part in my own therapy. The positive regard shown by my therapist at all times empowered me to ‘own my healing process’. For me the integration of the two different approaches gave the best therapeutic outcome. Had my therapist initially used only a cognitive approach I am sure I would have felt overwhelmed. My life had recently involved massive changes I did not feel capable at that time of working towards further change. It would have appeared too intrusive and directive. I would have been resistant to Page seven the therapy and stopped attending, possibly prejudicing future therapy. Later cognitive therapy was used very effectively when I reached a ‘sticking point’. People are unique bringing their own values and beliefs to therapy. These may be shaped by culture, religion, gender, class or ethnic origin. Any or all of these will have an impact on the counselling relationship, and which therapeutic approach might be most effective in helping a particular client. Native Americans tend to resent being coerced and motivated into doing things, they prefer to work things out for themselves; a counsellor therefore may find a humanistic approach suits this client. In contrast â€Å"A characteristic of certain ethnic minority groups is the desire for a structured relationship in which the counsellor is cast as an expert giving advice and solutions to problems, a therapist who is active, authoritative and directive† (Patterson C. H. ). This client may not be able to engage with person centred therapy but benefit from the more directive cognitive approach. Care must be taken however not to stereotype a particular client group In conclusion I have looked at both humanistic and cognitive therapies, their similarities and differences. Having myself experienced both therapies effectiveness in the healing process, I can see how they could be used at different times with the same client. However, therapy needs to be uniquely tailored to the individual clients needs with particular reference to the diversity of culture, religion, ethnicity and values found within all humanity. Word count 2166 Page eight References Egan, G. ed. (1990) The Skilled Helper. Loyola University of Chicago, Brooks/Cole. Publishing company Pacific Grove California. Embleton, L. et al. (2004) The Person Centred Approach. A contemporary introduction. U. K. Palgrave Macmillan. Mc Leod, J. ed. (2008) Behavioural methods in counselling. IN: Mc Leod, J. An introduction to Counselling. Finland. W. S. Bookwell. Patterson, C. H. Multicultural Counselling: From diversity to Universality. Available at. [Accessed 10 December 2010]. Rogers, C. ed. (2008). The therapeutic relationship. IN Kirshenbaum, H. Land Henderson, V. The Carl Rogers Reader. Great Britain. Constable. Rogers, C. ed. (2008). Theory and research. IN: Kirsenbaum,H. Land Henderson, V. The Carl Rogers Reader. Great Britain.

Hymne To God My God, In My Sicknesse Essays - John Donne

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Relationship Between Organizational Culture And Strategic Management Commerce Essay The vision driven strategy, strategy driven culture. Enterprises must set a goals, and then achieve it. Goals has to be supported by strategic, implementation of the strategy requires the support of the faith. Therefore, there is very close relation between organizational culture and strategy. The mainly in the following aspects: First, excellent corporate culture is an important condition for the formulation of corporate strategy and is able to highlight the characteristics of the enterprises, the formation of the common values of the corporate members, and the corporate culture has a distinct personality, help companies develop different the strategy of defeating the enemy. Second, the corporate culture is an important means of implementation of the corporate strategy. After corporate strategy development, it requires all members of the active and effective implementation, is the corporate culture oriented, constraint, cohesion, motivation and radiation effect, stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, unified corporate members will jointly strive to achieve the enterprises goals. The Third is that corporate culture and corporate strategy must adapt to each other, mutual coordination and strategy development, corporate culture should change with the new formulation of strategy, however, to change corporate culture is very difficult once the organizational culture is formed, Therefore, from the point of view of the implementation of the strategy, the corporate culture to the implementation of the corporate strategy, will restrict, that the corporate culture has greater rigidity and a certain continuity, enhanced gradually in the process of enterprise development. The implementation of the corporate strategy. enterprises in major changes must be considered with the basic nature and status of the relationship, because the basic nature and status of the enterprise is to determine the basis of the corporate culture, at the same time to play existing corporate personnel role in ensuring the implementation of change in the original culture conditions. senior corporat e managers to focus on to be considered compatible with the original enterprise culture change, do not break the code of conduct, then the companies have formed. In summary, the analysis of the enterprises in strategic management, corporate culture should be given enough attention only corporate culture and strategic role to play in order to enable enterprises to better development.( Jing, L. 2007) Definition of strategic management Strategic management is the manangement of an organizations overall purpose, to ensure that the needs and enablers of the present are balanced with those of the future From the view of the future development of enterprises, strategic as a plan, and from the view of the course of development in the past, the strategy as a Pattern. If you look at the industrial level, the strategic performance as a Position, look at the enterprise level. Strategy as a Perspective. ( Peter F ¼Ã… ½Drucker) i.e: Through analysis, forecasting, planning, control, and other means to achieve the full advantage of the enterprise, financial, and material resources, in order to achieve optimal management, improve economic efficiency purposes. ( Chris .J2008) The meaning of strategic management for a company and why is important. Due to strategic management makes the grow and development into a changing environment, the f management job use by the future trend as their basic of making decision, so it makes the manager of enterprise to focus on research of operating environment, properly determine the development direction of a company and to select suitable operation area or marketing area, therefore able to catch the chance for outside environment, and enhance the adaptability of the business activities of the external environment, and thus to achieve the best combination of the two. i.e: Wal-Marts annual sales exceeded $ 40 billion, one of the worlds large-scale retail enterprises. Their successful is most depend on their business strategic: One-stop shopping (1)Free Parking: Shenzhen Sams business area more than 12,000 square meters, nearly 400 free parking spaces, while another business area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹over 17.8 thousand square meters Wal-Mart shopping plaza also has about 150 parking spaces. (2) The store employs professionals to customers free advice about computers, cameras, video recorders and their associated supplies, to help reduce the risks of blindly buy. Charity Wal-Mart in order to provide more benefits to customers, while trying to reduce the cost of advertising, for promotional creative a lot of thought, and strive to get the best effect with minimum capital investment. Cover Wal-Mart brand management strategy, select a variety of retail forms for the different grades of the target consumers. It is because of Wal-Marts all-round attack, seize the high-and low-end market, so Wal-Mart replaced Sears has swept throughout the United States, to become the first in the retail brand. Its own brand Wal-Mart has been active in the Chinese market development and promotion of Wal-Marts own brand, launched a high quality and price cheaper own brand merchandise, covering food, household goods, clothing, footwear and other flagship category.(Soderquist, D. 2005) Definition of organizational culture: The organizational culture is the sum of the enterprises in the construction and development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. Including the organization and management of both hardware and software, explicit cultural and implicit cultural Organizational culture is formed by the organization in the long-term survival and development of organization-specific, and the sum of the target value is the organization most members follow the highest standards, the basic beliefs and behavior norms in the organization reflects Specifically: organizational culture is the general term for organizations of all members of the commonly accepted valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, codes of conduct, team spirit, way of thinking, work style, psychological expectations and feelings of belonging sense of community. About the concept of corporate culture, there are many different understanding and expression: (1) The corporate culture is gradually formed in the working groups of the specification. (2) The corporate culture is the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹espoused as a business major. (3) Corporate culture is the purpose of the guide enterprises to develop the policy of employees and customers. (4) The corporate culture is sought in the enterprise competition for survival principle, the new employees to the enterprise hired must master the inner rules. (5) The corporate culture is a way to convey the feeling or atmosphere within the object layout, as well as corporate members dealing with customers or other external members. (6) corporate culture is the traditional atmosphere of a company culture, it means that the company values, such as aggressive, defensive or flexible these values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹constitute of company employees vitality, opinions and behavior norms. Managers personally, these norms and instill in employees from generation to generation. (7) corporate culture is a business formed some kind of cultural stereotypes and historical tradition, a common value criteria, ethics and life information, unified the various internal forces in a common guiding ideology and under the operating philosophy, brought together to a common direction. (8) The corporate culture is a mix of economic significance and cultural significance, refers to the formation of values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in the corporate world, the code of conduct in the crowd and community cultural influences. It does not refer to the cultivation of knowledge, but rather refers to the attitude of the people of knowledge; than profit, but profit mental; than interpersonal relationships, but interpersonal life skills embodied in human philosophy. The corporate culture is a penetration in the activities of all the things, it virtues. (9) The corporate culture is the basic information of the business organization, the basic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and the basic view of the internal and external environment, is a code of conduct to abide by all the members of the enterprise and beliefs, value system and guiding the people engaged in the work of philosophical concepts. (10) corporate culture, production and operation and management activities with the spirit of the enterprise features to create wealth and physical form in certain social and historical conditions. It includes cultural attitudes, values, entrepreneurship, ethics, code of conduct, history, tradition, enterprise system, cultural environment, enterprise products, etc.. Values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹are the core of the corporate culture. i.e: 1. American scholar John Kotter and James Heskett, corporate culture refers to the various departments in an enterprise, or at least those business executives who have corporate values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and operating practices. Refers to the various departments of the enterprise segment, or located in different geographical environment departments have the kind of common cultural phenomenon.( John P. Kotter,James L.1992.) 2. Tres Deere and Alan Kennedy believes that corporate culture values, heroes, customs, ceremonies, cultural networks, enterprise environment. 3. William Ouchi, the corporate culture is aggressive, defensive, flexibility that determine the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the activities, views and behavior patterns. The role of organizational culture The corporate culture is a new theory of modern enterprise management, enterprises really want to step into the market, to embark on a rapid development, better efficiency, and continuously improve the overall quality, must popularize and strengthen the building of enterprise culture. 1. Integration role Traditional scientific method or scientific management functions bound to live the behavior of employees, but can not win the hearts of the staff. Strong organizational culture, but it can stimulate the enthusiasm of the staff, the employees are committed to working power. A cohesive organizational culture, organizational values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹deeply rooted among the employees to the organization as their own home, and are willing to contribute their strength in order to organize a common goal, so that staff and organizational integration. Organizational culture fundamentally change the old valuable concept of employees, establish new values, to meet the needs of the organization normal practice activities. Once the tissue culture to promote values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and code of conduct to be accepted and recognized, the members will make behavior choices meet the organizational requirements, you will feel guilty if the violation of organizational norms, disturbed or. Remorse, will automatically correct their behavior. In this sense, organizational culture has a strong integration. 2. Improve performance Management guru Peter Drucker (Peter F.Drucker) said: the nature of the enterprise, that decided the most important principle of the nature of the business, economic performance. If the organizational culture does not impact on firm performance, then it highlights not see its importance, we know indeed play a positive role in tissue culture in the organization of internal integration, but whether it is possible to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises? The answer is yes. 3. Improve the organizational role Cultural heritage organization formed in a continuous process of development through numerous radiation, feedback, and strengthen, we will constantly updated as practice development and optimization, and promote organizational culture from one height to another highly forward. In other words, the organizational culture continue to deepen and perfect once formed a virtuous circle, will continue to promote the organizations own rise development, in turn, the organization will promote progress and improve the organizational culture of the rich, perfect and sublimation. Successful organizations and enterprises facts indicate that the prosperity of the organization is always inseparable from the self-improvement of the organizational culture. 4. Shaping products Organizational culture as a human creation, it is the best form of expression is the companys products. When the companys products are infiltrating the tissue culture, the vitality of its products will not be compared to any other enterprise. Organizational culture is a very important role in shaping the enterprise product, product design, production and sales enterprises in accordance with the organizational culture, only in line with the corporate culture products to on a firm foothold in the market. Enterprise products, in turn, selling, consumers will further understand the organizational culture, which is a mutual promotion and development of the relationship. i.e.: After the study, the Cà ´te and Hess Cà ´te (1992) that: (1) organizational culture has a major role on the long-term results of operations; (2) the organizational culture of the next 10 years is likely to be the key factors that determine the success of enterprise; (3) organizational culture negative role on the a good corporate long-term operating results are not uncommon, these organizational culture is easy to propagate extension, even if that brings together a lot of common sense, knowledge of a high degree of talent; (4) Although the organizational culture is not easy to change, but they can translate into organizational culture that is conducive to the growth of the business performance. Why is important Organizational culture is important for an enterprise as the function of organizational culture . Specifically, following six main function: (1) Oriented functions, corporate culture can play a guiding role on the value orientation of the organization as a whole, and each member of the Organization of behavior in line with the goals established by the organization. Organizational culture is just a soft bound by the shared values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the organization to the penetration of personal values, enables organizations to automatically generate a set of self-regulatory mechanism to guide the behavior and activities of the organization in an adaptive culture. (2) constraint functions, the role of the enterprise organizational culture constraints and specifications of each employees ideological, psychological and behavior. Constraints of organizational culture is not system-hard constraints, but a soft constraint, this soft constraints equal to diffuse organization organizational culture, groups, code of conduct and ethics. (3) The cohesion function, when one set of values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹is co-sanctioned by the organizations staff, it will become a kind of adhesive to unite its members from all aspects, resulting in a tremendous solidarity and cohesion. The main reason for the success is organization, cohesion employees have a common goal and vision together, encourage enterprises to continue to move forward and development. (4) Excitation function, the corporate culture has members from the heart to produce a high emotional and strenuously enterprising spirit of the effects, it can maximize their staffs enthusiasm and pioneering spirit. The emphasis on people-centered corporate culture management methods. Its incentive is not an external impetus, but an inner guidance, it is not a passive to meet the psychological needs of the people to realize their own values, but through the shaping of the organizational culture, so that each employee from the heart dedication to organization combatant. (5) Radiation function, corporate culture, once formed a fixed pattern, it will not only play a role within the organization, the impact on the organizations staff, but will also have an impact on the community through a variety of channels. Organizations the cultural radiation to the social channels, but mainly can be divided into two categories Various forms of publicity and personal contacts. On the one hand, the spread of the culture of organizations to establish the organizations image in the public help; On the other hand, the corporate culture has a great influence on the development of social culture. (6) Brand function Enterprise brand image in the minds of the public, is a hardware based products and services and a corporate culture based software as consisting of complex. Excellent corporate culture, enhance the brand image will play a huge role. Excellent unique corporate culture can produce huge brand. i.e.:(1) Such as Microsoft, Ford, GE, Coca-Cola, their unique corporate culture in its brand building process has played a significant role. The brand value is the accumulation of time, but also the accumulation of corporate culture. (2) Wal-Mart is a great emphasis on brand protection company, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. in July 2011 to submit applications to the World Intellectual Property Forum, said the disputed domain OurWalmart dot com with its logo Walmart, that infringe on their rights and interests, the request for arbitration back to the domain name. It is understood that the OurWalmart dot com domain name is accessible, the site is a Wal-Mart employee reaction to issues related to platform, salary, working hours and other issues can be seen from this platform, the website seeks the voices of an employee to provide services solutions, is a The non-profit organization. Conclusion: The organizational culture is the pillar to carry out the strategic, it means the guide line, business idea, and the work style that including the values of people, personal culture, custom, management policy and the company image of a enterprise. People is kind of social animals, as same as wolfs, wolfs will never hunting alone, they are always action by a group as a company, the culture makes them act together, therefore they are able to carry out their strategy to hunting, and due to this, the hunting get easier. The so-called organizational culture, common values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹held by the people as a corporate body, action, and ways of thinking. The business philosophy is the core of the corporate culture, It shows the value of the enterprise, but also provide the basis of the strategic objectives, and also includes a mode of operation, the basic norms of behavior. In other words, the business philosophy of the fundamental values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the work of the business people. Such values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹are the foundation of the corporate culture, created by companies, the guiding ideology of the major operators in the decision. Therefore, it must lay a deep imprint on the formulation of corporate strategy. The strategy is deciding the development of the most fundamental long-term goals and short-term purpose of planning, but also includes the necessary means to achieve these goals and objectives are to be taken, and how the allocation of resources of all kinds to make decisions. Corporate culture support the corporate strategy, enterprise strategy can be implemented smoothly, largely depends on the content of the strategic behavior and corporate members, the way of thinking fit. No matter how wonderful the corporate strategy, if you do not adapt to cultural basis, it will not have a very good performance. I am engaged in the operation, over six years of experience and deep feelings about the importance of the business philosophy of an enterprise exists for what it? What is the purpose of operating? Operating in what ways? These issues must to have a really basic concepts. The foundation of the business is the right philosophy. Only do solid foundation, people, technology and capital be possible to really play the role of a variety of resources make it easier to make an impact. Matsushita said: With a clear business philosophy, my own, compared with the former, there is a firm belief that For a long time, my business is strong. Employees listened to my lectures are very touched they deeply impressed by their mission and their responsibilities, everyone for the enterprise. masters of our enterprises have grown up at an alarming rate. said by Konosuke Matsushita. (Matsushita ,K. 2002)

Cervical Cancer and The HPV Vaccine Controversy: Where are the men? Whe

HPV Vaccination Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancerous death, in women, since 1950. Approximately 200,000 cervical cancer patients die each year in developing countries. Strains like HPV 16 and 18 cause about 70% of cervical cancer in women– one of the top causes of death in the world (WebMD, 2010, p.1). In the Unites States, about 10,000 women acquire the disease and 3,700 die annually Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is directly associated as a cause of cervical cancer. This virus affects the skin and genital area and, in some cases, it can also infect the throat and mouth. Since the HPV is passed from one person to another through skin-to-skin or sexual contact, sexually active people are more prone to this virus. Merck pharmaceuticals, in November 2006, began a lobbying and advertising campaign through which they aimed to promote the mandatory vaccination for young women with the vaccine, Gardasil. Some argue that mandatory vaccination is good for females .However, feminists emphat ically argue that the HPV vaccine should not be mandatory for young women because of the fact that there are large expenses associated with the vaccine that could lead to conflict of interest, the fact that men carry this virus yet there is no push to vaccinate them and the fact that it is not clear that the vaccine has been sufficiently tested to ensure women’s safety. Since the vaccine research is currently only funded by the manufacturer of the drug, this raises serious conflict-of-interest issues. Merck pharmaceuticals actually funded initiatives in the United States that were in favour of passing legislation to require mandatory vaccinations. In fact, money was funnelled through an organization called Women in Government (AP January 2... ... the healer is often maintained by promoting fear, rather than strength, on the part of patients (Sherwin 1992, 143). A lot of unanswered questions remain in the case of Merck’s promotion of mandatory vaccination for women. There is a great deal of money to be made from this vaccine. When we start to uncover and examine the power structures in this healthcare initiative, we can see that there may be reason to be concerned. This does not mean that Gardasil is necessarily bad or that no young women should ever get the vaccine. However, it does mean that when we examine how powerful pharmaceutical companies work in concert with political organizations and powerful political leaders, then the consumers have a reason not to, blindly, accept the given information. We need to ensure that those with corporate interests are not the only voices heard in this debate.

An analysis of the trends affecting homeless lone parents under the Labour Government

Research Question This research question is an assessment of the impact which the Labour policy relating to homelessness has had, in particular, on lone parents. By looking at the trends associated with homelessness of lone parents, a more detailed policy analysis can be completed with a view to gaining an understanding of how policies could be used in the future to achieve a more effective regime for homeless or potentially homeless lone parents. Objectives of Research The key objective of this research is to gain a detailed understanding of how the Labour Government between 1997 and 2010 dealt with the issue of homelessness, with particular reference to lone parents and how the various different policies established by the Labour Government have impacted on this group of society. By exploring the broader issues relating to housing services and encompassing not only the provision of basic housing, but also looking at the policies which would potentially impact on the long-term situation such as employability this research aims to identify those policy areas which would be most relevant in the future as a means of dealing with the long-term issue of homelessness, rather than simply plastering over the current crisis. Although the focus of this dissertation is on the period during which the Labour Government was in control, the latter part of the dissertation will also consider the ways in which the policy has changed since 2010 and what the future may hold for this policy area, with recommendations being offered based on the information gathered. Literature Review The issue of homelessness has gained considerable attention over the years, most notably from those involved in government policy setting; however, several other papers provide useful background understanding. For example, the paper by Bromley et al., in 2010 looked at the demographic issues which are likely to underlie the demands of the housing system, This paper discussed issues such as the increase of lone parents and considered how this might increase the demand for smaller housing units. Another paper which is considered to be relevant is that established by Fitzpatrick et al., 2000, where the issue of single adults who suffer from homelessness is focussed on recognising that many of the supplemental policies such as those surrounding supporting lone parents back into work are also crucially significant. This recognises the importance of not simply focussing on providing housing, but also on looking at the issues that create or deepen the homeless crisis in the first place. Finally, the other area of literature looks at the central issue of how social housing is allocated. This is because although it is recognised that wider issues are likely to be relevant, there is also an important body of research which needs to look more closely at the allocation of social housing and how this impacts on lone parents, specifically (Fitzpatrick & Stephens, 1999). Methodology In order to undertake this research, it is planned that the focus will be on the use of a detailed literature review, drawing on trends and any surrounding discussion relating to these trends. Care will need to be taken to remove bias, as many of the documents which are produced by the government are likely to support the effectiveness of its own policies, regardless of the true figures. For this reason, the figures will be looked at, in detail, and an analysis of the data will be undertaken in a rounded way. As well as the literature review, case studies will also be drawn upon, to ensure that the practical operation of the policies is understood, something which is perceived to be highly relevant when it comes to undertaking a detailed policy analysis. Indicative Bibliography Bradshaw, J., Chzhen, Y. & Stephens, M. (2008) ’Housing: the saving grace in the British welfare state’, in Fitzpatrick, S. & Stephens, M. (eds.) The Future of Social Housing. London: Shelter. Bramley, G., Pawson, H., White, M., Watkins, D. & Pleace, N. (2010) Estimating Housing Need. London: DCLG. Brien, S. (2009) Dynamic Benefits: Toward welfare that works. London: Centre for Social Justice Fitzpatrick, S., Kemp, P. A., & Klinker, S. (2000) Single Homelessness: An Overview of Research in Britain. Bristol: The Policy Press. Fitzpatrick, S. & Stephens, M. (1999) ‘Homelessness, need and desert in the allocation of council housing’, Housing Studies, 14(4), 413–3 Greater London Authority (2009) Housing in London: the Evidence Base for the London Housing Strategy. London: GLA http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/housing/strategy/docs/housing-in-london2009.pdf Pleace, N. (2000). ‘The new consensus, the old consensus and the provision of services for people sleeping rough’, Housing Studies, 15: 581-594. Shinn, M. (2007) ‘International homelessness: policy, socio-cultural, and individual perspectives’, Journal of Social Issues, 63(3): 657-677 Stafford, B. & Duffy, D. (2009) Review of Evidence on the Impact of the Economic Downturn on Disadvantaged Groups. London: DWP. Witherspoon, C., Whyley, C. & Kempson, E. (1996) Paying for Rented Housing: Non-dependent Deductions from Housing Benefit. London: Department of Social Security.

Internet Addiction Disorder Essays

Internet Addiction Disorder Essays Internet Addiction Disorder Essay Internet Addiction Disorder Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Internet Addiction Disorder Introduction Internet addiction disorder refers to a behavioral malady that affects computer users who tend to engulf themselves excessively in computer usage to a point that disrupts their normal lives. It is characterized by net compulsions, cyber-relationship addiction, cybersex addiction, computer addiction and information overload. We live in a digitized world and a great proportion of our activities are better done digitally for efficacy and reliability. The use of computers has therefore become mandatory for everyone in businesses, schools, and even personal use. In addition, the world has become a global village with the incorporation of social networks, search engines and leisure activities in the internet. Mobile phones have also been revolutionized to hold certain internet applications for the owners. Since the idea sprung, some computer and mobile phone users have immersed themselves in the internet such that other normal activities in their lives have been vividly sidelined. Internet usage can only be termed as a disorder if it pushes the user to alienate from important things in his or her life. There has been a debate among different people on whether such consistent and excessive usage of the internet is a fad or a real problem. Therefore, several scientists have taken their stands to clarify the ideology of internet addiction disorder. Fad or Real Problem According to Grohol (1999), a psychologist, there has not been extensive research yet to validate excessive internet use as a disorder since only exploratory surveys were used for determination. Such surveys were not backed by outright rationale to expose the problem clearly as a psychological disorder. Therefore, it still stands on its theoretical base. Due to lack of solid conclusions from the surveys, the terminology for the presumed malady is considered a scientific fallacy. Grohol furthers his thought for internet addiction disorder as a fad when he asserts that just as too much television watching or book reading has not been diagnosed as a disorder. He does not see the reason why internet addiction can be termed as a disorder. Ivan Goldberg, M.D rules out internet addiction as a disorder since he argues that just as workers are addicted to their work to solve other problems in their lives so does internet users. In his view, the workers cannot be termed to have a disorder beca use they are doing it for a worthy cause. Hence, according to him internet addiction disorder is simply a fad. Scientists who believe that internet addiction disorder is a fad argue that the addiction is not necessarily caused by the technology but by people’s behavior when they want to drift away from the problems they are facing in their normal lives. If at all the internet users have no problems in their normal lives, then they are probably compelled to over use it based on other similar interests and behavioral forms such excessive reading books and watching too much television. Cognitive behavior techniques in psychotherapy can be used to correct such behavior. Furthermore, Grohol (1999) believes that case studies are not in any way helpful than the unauthentic surveys because instead of determining the causes and effects, case studies only provoke emotional reactions about the idea of internet over-use. On the other hand, scientists who are out to prove that internet over-use among people is actually a disorder have attempted several affirmations. Young et al (2011) insist that excessive net use is nothing less than a clinical disorder. They emphasize that the human brain undergoes certain morphological changes when a person is addicted to the net in the same way that there are changes in the brains of those addicted to drugs and other detrimental instances. Proponents have based their conclusions on clinical criteria that march the levels of chemical addictions. Internet addiction can cause inefficiency in decision-making among users and with the effect stretched to an experience of short-term memory. Case study on Chinese college students addicted to computers confirmed the morphological brain changes (Shek et al, 2008). Online gambling causes financial strains for users because they indulge in the game and lose a lot of money. Social networks crack physical friendly and family re lations. Online affairs or relations cause unfortunate break ups. For these reasons, proponents strongly believe that internet addiction disorder is a real problem. Young (2011) compares internet addiction to other addictive disorders, which are based on impulse-control. Her criterion for diagnosing the disorder was the use of the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire with questions that could guide the respondent to provide measurable evidence. The responses covered a wide range of symptoms such as neglecting friends and family, dishonesty, guilt and anxiety, withdrawal from important schedules, physical problems and inability to control the behavior. Her department, which is known as The Center for Internet Addiction provides treatment for those diagnosed with internet addiction disorder by the application of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. Conclusion When a person constantly indulges in an activity beyond the required measure, he or she becomes addicted. Addiction causes a mental drift in the life of a person to the point that he or she stops recognizing priorities in life. Cybersex addiction, online gambling, net compulsions and too much engagement in social network, whether categorical or combined, lead to the disruption of a person’s social system. If a person’s social and normal life system is disrupted, there is an underlying disorder responsible for the action; hence, it must be addressed to balance the person’s schedule. However, a lot of research needs to be done to come up with substantial evidence as to why internet addiction is categorized as a disorder that needs psychiatric therapy so that opponents can chip in to play a role in averting it. Work Cited Grohol, JM. â€Å"Too Much Time Online: Internet Addiction or Healthy Social Interactions?† Cyberpsychology Behavior: the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society. 2.5 (1999): 395-401. Print. Shek, DT, VM Tang, and CY Lo. â€Å"Internet Addiction in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: Assessment, Profiles, and Psychosocial Correlates.† Thescientificworldjournal. 8 (2008): 776-87. Print. Young, Kimberly S, and Cristiano N. Abreu. Internet Addiction: A Handbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print.

Reflection on Leadership and Sustainability SKK Inc

Reflection on Leadership and Sustainability SKK Inc Introduction Leadership is one of the most important factors that always dictate success or failure of an organization in the world today. Leadership has been in existence for as long as the history of humankind can be traced. As Blanchard (2010, p. 57) puts it, a leadership goes beyond providing the direction for the followers. It entails going into details to discover the potential of the followers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Reflection on Leadership and Sustainability: SKK Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It involves engaging the followers in a way that would make them discover themselves. It involves helping the followers develop the urge to achieve. It is the art of making people realize that they have a potential to achieve beyond their current capacity. Leadership requires the leader to challenge the followers positively in a way that would make them feel that they need to rediscover themselves. An organization has to come up with means through which it can wade off these challenges and deliver quality products in the market in the best way possible. This way, a firm would be able to come out as a successful business unit that can withstand market pressures. Organizations share external environmental factors. Emerging technologies, good government policies, a promising market are factors that an organization cannot consider as a competitive advantage. They are factors that are shared by all the firms in that particular industry. An organization must therefore, develop its policies that will give it a competitive edge in the market. An organization should develop mechanisms through which it can challenge the existing market threats in the best way possible. It should be able to stand out among the rest, as a firm that understands the market and is able to provide it with what it needs. It must appear positively special. This requires proper management of the workforce. It re quires a strategy that will help it have the best workforce that can drive the changes required within an organization. This is what most firms have realized and are determined to achieve Blanchard (2010, p. 98). They need to go beyond simple management of the workforce. In the management, we need leaders. There is need to have a sustainable environment where the future is protected, while the current needs are achieved. Gill (2011, p. 91) says that this may be a very challenging task. This is because in most of the cases, meeting currents needs involves compromising the future.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the current society requires a sustainability strategy that would assure an organization of a protected future. This research paper focuses on leadership and sustainability in the contemporary world with focus SKK Inc in Cambodia. Transformation al Leadership and Sustainability at SKK Inc SKK is a Cambodia-based company specializing in land and real estate developments. The vision of the SKK Inc. is to become the leading architectural firm in the region. The mission for the company is to transform the construction patterns into environmentally sustainable structures within the jurisdiction of its market. SKK’s core values are to create and provide livable, eco-friendly and contemporary communities for people living in Phnom Penh. Since 2011, SKK has just set base as being a leading driver in real estate development industry in Cambodia. Given this fact, transformational leadership is very important to the management in enhancing sustainability. Transformational leadership is defined by Holiday (2002, p. 38) as a type of leadership that uses motivation to enhance the performance of employees. Holiday (2002, p. 24) defines leadership as a process where an individual (a leader) offers guidance to a group of individuals (followers) in an organizational structure. It is the process of leading others towards a better future. Transformational leadership, as the name suggest, provides a completely new path to approaching various issues in an organization. It provides an insight the employees. One of the main aims of a transformational leader is to create a completely new approach in managing various issues within the organization. This is what the current world demands an organization. Emerging technologies are changing various approaches of management. The emerging trends need new approaches that can be used to provide a way in which they can be managed differently. This is what leaders at SKK Inc have embraced. Transformational leadership attempts to make employees discover themselves. According to Hacker and Grint (2005, p. 78), a transformational leader will always make followers realize that they have untapped capacity which they can exploit to get better results in every activity they are doing. It involves making the followers realize that they are part of the change. It makes employees own the whole process.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Reflection on Leadership and Sustainability: SKK Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They feel that some changes that are proposed are part of them and are meant to make their work easier. This way, they develop the responsibility to ensure that these changes are accomplished successfully and within the specified time. Such leadership will evoke desires on the followers to see to it that specific desires are achieved within the specified time. It is an art of tying the objectives of an organization to that of its employees. This leadership approach makes emphasis on the first ‘P’ of the three elements of sustainability which is the people (Fullan 2005, p. 85). It involves making people within the organization appreciate the need to develop a sustainab le policy within the organization that would enable the firm experience sustainable development. This would entail developing means through which an organization can generate profits without putting a lot of strains on the planet earth. Characteristics of Transformational Leadership that Makes it a Sustainable Leadership Strategy SKK Inc should consider the need to have eco-friendly communities not only in Phnom region, but in all other regions where it operates. As the current Project Director of the SKK Inc. Cambodia, I am deeply concerned of how our sustainable infrastructural development can be spread to a larger geographical region beyond the current scope. Given that SKK Inc cherishes sustainable leadership on all its leaders at various positions, understanding some of the characteristics of transformational leadership would be important. Having a sustainable business is very important in the current competitive world. Business units are subjected to a lot of pressures by the shareholders to increase their profitability. However, the need to preserve the planet earth is also increasing as the negative impacts of environmental degradation are already evident in the world (Bruijn 2002, p. 29). The purpose of leadership is therefore, to find a common ground for these two contradicting elements of sustainability. Transformational leadership has some characteristics that make it unique from other forms of leadership. Transformational leadership cherishes authenticity. It encourages followers to act as natural as possible. People who act naturally always tend to give their best. Passion is another major characteristic of transformational leadership. A transformational leader must be passionate about every action they take. This way, it becomes possible for the followers to take this characteristic from the leaders.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Followers will develop passion when they realize that their leader has passion in his or her actions. Transformational leadership should also embrace creativity. Creativity is very crucial in the contemporary world. A leader must be able to solve problems in a creative manner. They have to encourage the culture of creativity in their employees. This way, such an organization will be able to be creative in the market. Transformational leaders should have self-awareness. He should understand what he or she stands for and is able to express this feeling to the followers (Parkin 2010, p. 49). This way, it would be easy to avoid cases where a leader issues instruction, which he or she can change abruptly without a clear explanation for the same. A transformational leader must have interpersonal intelligence. This is important to help bring people of different social backgrounds together. Organization brings together individuals from different backgrounds. It would require interpersonal i ntelligence to make these people reason in the same line and work as a unit towards achieving specific objectives. This would help in creating sustainability. A transformational leader must have integrity. As Blanchard (2010, p. 78), ethics is very important in the process of creating a secure future. It is important to note that transformational leadership aims to bring a completely new approach of doing various activities in s better way. Integrity will be one of the main ingredients in that leadership. It will be possible to tell others to maintain integrity only if the leaders show the same in their actions. A transformational leader must also develop clarity of purpose. The leader must be sure of what he or she wants from the followers and from the leaders. According to Billsberry (2009, p. 68), having a clear sense of purpose on what one does makes it possible to measure the level of success of an individual. This way, it becomes easy for such a leader to determine the rate at which objectives of the organization is being achieved. In order to achieve this sustainability, an organization should also consider the following models (theories) of leadership. Theories of Leadership In order to support sustainable leadership, it would be vital to consider some of the leadership theories in the contemporary world. These theories help in further clarification of the purpose of leadership within an organization. Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid This theory by Blake and Mouton has largely been considered as one of the most appropriate theories in managing sustainable business operations for individual firms. According to Kezar Lester (2009, p. 720), Black and Mouton’s managerial grid is one of the most relevant models of leadership in the current world. The grid is as shown below. As evidenced from the grid, the theory gives emphasis on concern for people and concern for production. As a leader, there is always a concern to ensure that the organiz ation functions effectively. This can be measured by increased productivity of the firm. This theory says that productivity should not be overemphasized at the expense of employees (Gray Bebbington 2001, p. 93). Employees are very valuable to any organization, and their interest should be taken care of. The need for productivity should be balanced with the need to protect the employees. At (1, 1) is impoverished management where employees concern is not taken care of, and production is poor. Concern For  People Concern for Production At (9, 1), emphasis is laid on task, while taking middle ground (5, 5) would help the firm achieve its objectives moderately with moderately satisfied employees. At (1, 9), emphasis is given on concern for employees. The best grid is at (9, 9) always referred to as team management. Employees concern is emphasized while ensuring that production is put at maximum levels possible. This model enhances sustainability because it emphasizes on the two Ps o f sustainability which is people and profits. PESTEL Analysis It is important to understand the environmental factors that may have direct impact on the operations of SKK Inc. PESTEL analysis is one of the best models of analyzing the environmental factors. The political environment in this region has been marred with some challenges, especially due to some political strife experienced in some of the regions where this firm operates. The economic and social structure of the market has been very attractive. The advanced technological environment has been unpredictable, while the legal structures have always defined the way this firm operates in the market (Holiday 2002, p. 118). Charles Handy PEST Model Charles Handy came up with a different approach to leadership that focused on environmental factors. This model focuses on what Charles describes as new realities that a leader must take into consideration within an organization. The first is the political factors. Political environme nt has direct influence on operational activities of a firm. It must be taken into consideration when a leader is formulating policies. Economic status of the society will also influence the leadership style that a leader can apply. It will dictate what policies to apply, and which to suspend as the firm awaits a change in the economic environment (Davies 2006, p. 67). Social factors play an important role in defining leadership strategy. The social structure of a society will help define the organizational culture that a leader can instil on the followers. In the current society, the role of technology in defining leadership has become significantly huge. Before formulating any policy, a leader must take into consideration the relevance of the policy and the prevailing technologies in the environment. This theory emphasizes on the third element of sustainability which is the environment. Conclusion The current business world has become very competitive. The need to have sustainable leadership in organizations is increasingly becoming important. As demonstrated in this discussion, inasmuch as there is need to develop strategies that would meet the current needs of organizations and people in the current society, there is also the need to ensure that the future is protected. There is need to ensure that the current structures would benefit the current organization in a manner in which these organizations would have a secured future. Theorists have tried to explain the need to have sustainability in organization. Sustainability in organizations is the sure way of ensuring that there is continuity. As this discussion demonstrates, there is need to have some of these theories have clearly demonstrated how the current competitive world can be sustained using sustainability in leadership. There is need to have a leadership strategy that is conscious of the future society. List of References Billsberry, J 2009, Discovering Leadership, Palgrave, Basingstoke. Blanchard , K 2010, Leading at a higher level, Prentice Hall, London. Bruijn, T 2002, Partnership and leadership: Building alliances for a sustainable future, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. Davies, B 2006, Developing and sustaining leaders, Paul Chapman, London. Fullan, M 2005, Leadership sustainability: System thinkers in action, Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks. Gill, R 2011, Theory and Practice of Leadership, Sage, London. Gray, R Bebbington, J 2001, Accounting for the Environment, Sage, London. Grint, K 2005, Leadership: limits and possibilities, Palgrave, Basingstoke. Holiday, C 2002, Walking the talk: The business case for sustainable development, Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield. Parkin, S 2010, The positive deviant: Sustainability leadership in a perverse world, Earthscan, London.